C++: A New Language Starting In 2011

Metadata

• Live-Hacking, and exercise material on Github: 2022-07-26

• Also on Github: entire homepage

Course Preparation

We will be doing a number of exercises and trainer livehacking sessions. All this is done starting from a skeleton Github project.

Please try and get the skeleton project, create an environment that works for you, and test-build that project.

Work Environment

I suggest you use the Windows Subsystem For Linux (WSL2) (Microsoft documentation here). This sets up a virtualized Ubuntu inside Windows, together with all interoperability wazoo.

It is also possible to setup a Linux-like environment on native Windows, using the following emulation layers

• Cygwin

• MinGW (known to have problems when it comes to threading)

Skeleton Project

The project uses CMake and googletest. Ideal work anvironment is Linux(-like). If you have such an environment, then the steps to build the project are,

• Clone and massage the project source

  $ pwd
  $ /home/jfasch/src       # <--- your mileage will vary
  $ git clone https://github.com/jfasch/2022-07-26.git
  $ cd 2022-07-26/
  $ git submodule init
  $ git submodule update
  

• Create build directory, and chdir there

  $ mkdir /tmp/2022-07-26-build
  $ cd /tmp/2022-07-26-build
  

• Use CMake to create makefiles

  $ pwd
  /tmp/2022-07-26-build
  $ cmake /home/jfasch/src/2022-07-26
  

• Build

  $ pwd
  /tmp/2022-07-26-build
  $ make
  

• Test

  $ pwd
  /tmp/2022-07-26-build
  $ ./exercises/exercises-suite
  Running main() from /home/jfasch/tmp/2022-07-26/googletest/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
  [==========] Running 1 test from 1 test suite.
  [----------] Global test environment set-up.
  [----------] 1 test from dummy_suite
  [ RUN      ] dummy_suite.fail
  /home/jfasch/tmp/2022-07-26/exercises/fail.cpp:5: Failure
  Failed
  [  FAILED  ] dummy_suite.fail (0 ms)
  [----------] 1 test from dummy_suite (0 ms total)
  
  [----------] Global test environment tear-down
  [==========] 1 test from 1 test suite ran. (0 ms total)
  [  PASSED  ] 0 tests.
  [  FAILED  ] 1 test, listed below:
  [  FAILED  ] dummy_suite.fail
  
   1 FAILED TEST
  

Introduction

• History, Background

• A Live-Hacked Tour Around The New C++

Pythonicity (Thank You: Readablility and Writability)

Range Based for Loops

• Range Based for Loops: Introduction

• Case Study: Range Based for On std::map

Tuple Unpacking (err, Structured Binding)

• Tuple Unpacking (Err, Structured Binding)

Duck Typing (err, auto) Without A Duck

• Duck Typing (Err, auto) Without A Duck

Exercise

• Exercise: Bag Of Items, By Copy

  Solution on Github: bag-copy.h

Things That Simply Deserved Fixing Since Ages

Brace Initialization

From Brace Initialization (Uniform Initialization)

• Brace Initialization: Introduction

• std::initializer_list: Brace Initialization, Implementor’s View

• Brace Initialization: A Mess

New OO keywords: override, final, default, delete

• override

• final

• = delete

• = default

Strongly Typed enum

• Strongly Typed enum

Delegating Constructor

• Delegating Constructor

nullptr

• Miscellaneous

Smart Pointers

From Smart Pointers (std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr):

• Introduction

• (Trying To) Handwrite A Smart Pointer Class in C++ Before C++11

• std::unique_ptr

• Exercise: Bag Of Items, By Unique Reference ( Solution on Github: bag-unique.h)

• std::shared_ptr

• std::weak_ptr

• Exercise: Bag Of Items, By Shared Reference

• Smart Pointers: Closing Words

Moving, “RValue References”

• Move Semantics, Rvalue References

Functions (std::bind<>, std::function<>, Lambdas)

From Functions, Functions:

• std::bind

• std::function

From Lambda

• Lambda

• Live Hacking: Handwritten Functors (Too Much Boilerplate)

• Live Hacking: Handwritten Functors, And Capturing By Reference (Pitfalls)

• Lambda: More Capturing

Multithreading

From Multithreading:

• Threads Introduction

• Threads in C++

• Race Conditions

• std::mutex And Friends

• Scoped Locking

• std::atomic

• std::promise and std::future (And Some std::chrono) (Some Live Hacking)

• std::condition_variable (Live Hacking Multithreaded Queue)

Miscellaneous

TODO: Important

Topic	Description
std::any<>, std::optional<>, std::variant<>
vector<>::emplace_back()
forward
array
ref, cref

TODO: Optional

Topic	Description
new containers and algorithms (next to beginning somewhere)
File system library
chrono += how to sleep	Done in various live hacking session on the way; add to slide material
Regular expression library	(Raw) string literal
constexpr, constexpr if (since C++17)